Periodic table / Transition metals
29Copper
Copper is a transition metal in group 11, period 4. At 25 °C it is a solid.
- Symbol
- Cu
- Atomic number
- 29 protons in the nucleus
- Standard atomic weight
- 63.546 ± 0.003The isotope mix varies in normal samples, so the value cannot be given more precisely.
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s1
- Electrons in each shell
- 2, 8, 18, 1
- Group, period, block
- 11, 4, d
- Family
- Transition metals
- State at 25 °C
- solid
- Electronegativity
- 1.9 (Pauling scale)
- First ionisation energy
- 745.5 kJ/mol (7.72638 eV)
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Where these numbers come from
Atomic weight: IUPAC CIAAW, abridged standard atomic weights 2024. Electron configuration and ionisation energy: NIST Atomic Spectra Database. Family, state and electronegativity: PubChem. See Sources. Melting points, boiling points and densities are left out for now: published values differ between sources, and we will add them once each has been checked.