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Periodic table / Other metals

31Gallium

Gallium is an other metal in group 13, period 4. At 25 °C it is a solid.

Ga
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 3. A simple picture: electrons do not move in circles.
Symbol
Ga
Atomic number
31 protons in the nucleus
Standard atomic weight
69.723 ± 0.001
Electron configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons in each shell
2, 8, 18, 3
Group, period, block
13, 4, p
Family
Other metals
State at 25 °C
solid
Electronegativity
1.81 (Pauling scale)
First ionisation energy
578.8 kJ/mol (5.999302 eV)
Where these numbers come from

Atomic weight: IUPAC CIAAW, abridged standard atomic weights 2024. Electron configuration and ionisation energy: NIST Atomic Spectra Database. Family, state and electronegativity: PubChem. See Sources. Melting points, boiling points and densities are left out for now: published values differ between sources, and we will add them once each has been checked.