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Periodic table / Transition metals

79Gold

Gold is a transition metal in group 11, period 6. At 25 °C it is a solid.

Au
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1. A simple picture: electrons do not move in circles.
Symbol
Au
Atomic number
79 protons in the nucleus
Standard atomic weight
196.97 ± 0.01
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons in each shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Group, period, block
11, 6, d
Family
Transition metals
State at 25 °C
solid
Electronegativity
2.54 (Pauling scale)
First ionisation energy
890.1 kJ/mol (9.225554 eV)
Where these numbers come from

Atomic weight: IUPAC CIAAW, abridged standard atomic weights 2024. Electron configuration and ionisation energy: NIST Atomic Spectra Database. Family, state and electronegativity: PubChem. See Sources. Melting points, boiling points and densities are left out for now: published values differ between sources, and we will add them once each has been checked.